Nengnengen tayo pa sosodium saccharin-sakey ed saray sankadaanan ya artipisyal ya pampatamis ed mundo, ya aksidentin adiskobre nen 1879 na sakey a researcher ya mankikimey ed coal tar derivatives. Diad apalabas a sakey tan kapalduan siglo, sayan zero-calorie sugar substitute et akaromog na dalan ed agnabilang iran iinumen, pampatamis ed lamisaan, lutoan, tan anggan saray produkton tambal. Balet, anggaman ed andukey ya awaran to, pigpigara labat ed saray kaaruman ed kakanen so sengegan na ontan lan kapagaan na publiko tan kontrobersiya ed siensia. Diad loob na ngalngalin 50 taon, say tepet no kasin say saccharin so pansengegan na kanser et nansiansia ed kanonotan na saray manbabakal, regulator, tan saray propesyonal ed bunigas. Kanian, antoy talagan ibabaga na ebidensya? Ibiig tayo so katuaan manlapud takot, tan say mito manlapud molecular biology.
Say nanlapuan na saccharin safety scare et nasubaybayan ed sakey a bantog-tan bantog ya ag-atalosan- ya impanaral ya ginawa nen kagapo na 1970s. Saray researcher et pinakan da ray laboratory rats na atagey a dosis na saccharin, ya mipara ed pan-inum na nilasus a lata na diet soda ed sanagew ed loob na dakel a taon. Impanengneng na resulta ya saray lalakin ikol, nagkalalo la, so awalaan na estadistikal a signipikantin indakel na tumor ed pantog. Sayan adiskobre so nagmaliw ya headline ed interon mundo. Diad loob na sanlabi, say saccharin et nagmaliw ya agmakaderal ya tulong ed panangan ya nagmaliw ya iisipen ya makakanser. Bilang ebat, inkonsidera na US Food and Drug Administration ya isebel itan ya sigpot, tan say gobierno na Canada et angigapo na temporaryon pananebel. Diad kaunoran, kinaukolan na ley na Estados Unidos ya amin a produkton walay saccharin et walay warning label ya mangibabagan say sweetener et napaneknekan ya pansengegan na kanser ed saray ayayep ed laboratoryo. Parad sakey a henerasyon na saray manbabakal, satan ya yellow caution label et nagmaliw ya kabaliksan na peligro, tan dakel a totoo so angitunda ed saccharin pian labay da ray balon alternatibo a singa say aspartame o sucralose.
Balet, say siensia et aliwan agmanguman. Nen lalon inaral na saray managsukimat iray rat, naimano da ray makapawetwet ya agpantatalosan. Akin et saray lalakin ikol labat so awalaan na tumor, tan akin et anggapoy ontan ya epekto na saray kabatyan ya ikol odino ikol ya antokaman so sekso da? Akin et pinmatnag labat iray tumor ed baleg a dosis ya anggapoy piparaan da ed saray pattern na panag-inum na too? Sarayan tepet so angitonton ed balon daluyon na panagaral ed mekanismo nen dekada 80 tan 1990, tan saray ebat so manunan anguman ed pakatalos tayo ed kaligenan na saccharin.
Say manunan adiskobre et sakey a nikadkaduman physiological quirk na rodent. Say ihi na laki ya ikol et walaan na atagey a konsentrasyon na espisipikon protina ya tatawagen ya alpha-2u-globulin, ya ag naromog ed ihi na too-antokaman so sekso odino edad. No say saccharin et walad pantog ya atagey so konsentrasyon to, mankakasakey itan ed sayan protina pian manporma na mikroskopikon kristal ya precipitates. Sarayan angkekelag a kristal et singa matadem a buer, ya pirmin mamapasnok ed malimpek a lining na dingding na pantog. Diad loob na dakel a bulan na tuloytuloy ya pakapatnagan, sayan pirmin iritasyon so mamawala na reparative cellular proliferation, ya diad arum a kaso et manresulta ed idakel na kanser. Diad arum a salita, say kanser ed saray ikol et aliwan lapud saccharin ya direktan manguuman ed DNA-sakey a klasikon tanda na genotoxic carcinogen-no ag ingen lapud pisikal, protina-dependent ya iritasyon ya sigpot ya espisipiko ed laki ya ikol.
Nia so importantin punto: say ihi na too, laki man o bii, et anggapoy ontan ya protina. Kanian, say pantog na too et ag makapanggawa na saratan a kristal, anggan panon karakel so saccharin ya naupot na sakey. Say interon biolohikal a dalan ya mangitonton ed kanser ed saray ikol et anggapo ed saray klase tayo. Aliwan nipaakar ed pananguman na dosis odino statistical extrapolation; saya so manunan pandumaan ed biochemistry. Nen malinew lan niletneg iyan mekanismo, ginmapon anguman a maong so pankakasakey na saray siensia.
Base ed sayan ondarakel ya ebidensya, saray manunan sankamundoan ya autoridad ed bunigas so angibalikas lamet ed saray akaunan konklusyon da. Nen 2000, say US National Toxicology Programme so opisyal ya angekal ed saccharin ed listaan na saray posiblin carcinogens, ya inaksobi ton say datos na rat et anggapoy pibabali to ed bunigas na too. Diad saman met a panaon, say International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), ya datin angikuan na saccharin bilang "posiblin makakanser ed too" (Group 2B), et angiklasipikan lamet ed satan bilang "ag nayarin iklasipika bilang human carcinogen" (Group 3)-sakey a kategorya ya para labat ed saray ahente ya kulang odino anggapoy ebidensya na kanser ed too. Say European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) so nanggawa na dilin komprehensibon repaso to tan inkuan ton anggapoy panduaruwa ya say walan ebidensya et agmankukumpirma na antokaman a siglaotan na saccharin tan kanser ed totoo. Anggan say US National Cancer Institute et angipalapag na saray epidemiological ya impanaral ed dakel a populasyon ed loob na pigaran dekada, ya anggapoy aromog dan mas baleg a peligro na kanser ed pantog ed saray manguusar na saccharin no ikompara ed saray ag manguusar na -.
Kanian, diad sarayan makatantandan panamaseguro, makapanmatalek itayo: say saccharin et aliwan makakanser ed too, tan ligtas itan ya inumen ed normal tan inagew-agew. Say takot nen dekada 70 et nibase ed sakey a lingo na siensia ya inpetek na mas maabig a siensia. Ontan so nepeg ya gawaen na toxicology-sakey itan a disiplina ya mangipetek ed sarili to ya makaaral ed saray lingo to tan mamaaligwas ed saray konklusyon to legan ya ompaway so balon ebidensya.
Inkuan to, say "ligtas" et agto labay ya ibagan "anggapoy limitasyon." Diad mundo na kaligenan na tagano, balang substansia et walay limitasyon to ya anggan saray ag makaderal ya compound et magmaliw ya makaderal. Say iyinum na dakel a danum ed antikey a panaon et nayarin pansengegan na makapatey ya hyponatremia; say sobran bitamina A et makaderal ed altey; say sobran asin et nayarin mamaatagey na presyon na dala ed mapeligron lebel. Ontan met so prinsipyo ed saray pampatamis. Diad pakabidbiran ed saya, saray international regulatory bodies so angigapo na Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) parad saccharin-a lebel ya nayarin kanen ed inagew-agew ed interon bilay ya anggapoy naimano ya peligro ed bunigas. Say EFSA et mangiiter na ADI ed 9 mg kada kilo na belat na laman, bangbalet say Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), ya say estandarte to et inadapta na dakel a bansa kaiba lay China, et mangirerekomenda na mas konserbatibon 0-5 mg kada kilo.
Pian niiyan irayan bilang ed praktikal a konteksto, isipen so sakey a 60 kg ya adulto. Diad silong na mas istrikton estandarte na JECFA, say sankatageyan ya limitasyon na satan a too ed inagew-agew et 300 mg na sodium saccharin. Say estandarten 355 mL ya lata na sugar-free cola et kaslakan ya walaan na ag onlampas ed 100 mg na saccharin (ya mabetbet ya ilalaok ed arum ya sweetener). Kabaliksan na saya a kaukolan mon inumen so ag-onkulang ed taloran napnon lata na ontan a soda kada agew, ya anggapoy eksepsion, pian makaasingger ka ed safety threshold-tan anggan ontan, wala ka nin siansia ed loob na ADI, ya ag-onlampas ed satan. Diad tua, maslak a totoon manguusar na saccharin et mas daiset so gagawaen da- sakey odino duaran pakete na tabletop sweetener ed kape, odino sagpaminsan ya diet drink. Say panliket ed zero-calorie soda no maminsan et aliwan makaderal; saya, unong ed amin ya estandarte na siensia natan, et sakey a baleg a sengegan ed inkalapagan a bunigas.
Niarum ni, parad saray indibidual ya walay diabetes odino saramay mangaasikaso ed belat da, say saccharin et mangiyoopresi na makanakanan kagawaan pian nabawasan so asukar tan calorie ya naakan ya ag-isasakripisyo so katamitan. Diad panaon ya say sobran katat tan metabolic syndrome et sankamundoan ya krisis ed bunigas, say makatunongan ya pangusar na aliwan -sustansyadon pampatamis a singa say saccharin et talagan makatulong ed mas maabig ya panumbok ed panangan. Say manunan bengatla, singa ed amin a bengatla, et say inka-moderate tan say makabat a panagpili-aliwan takot base ed saray daan lan impanaral ed ayayep.
Diad konklusyon, say istorya na saccharin et sakey a mabiskeg a panonot ya say siensia et onkukurang, tan say sakey a panagaral-lalo la ed samay mangilalanor ed alablabas iran dosis ed saray modelo na ayayep- et ag nepeg ya ipasen ya unor a salita nipaakar ed kaligenan na too. Natan, kayari na pigaran dekada na masimoon ya imbestigasyon, amta tayo ya say saccharin et aliwan carcinogen parad totoo. Say peligro na kanser ed pantog to et para labat ed lalakin ikol lapud protina ya anggapo ed sikatayo. Kanian diad ontumbok ya pan-diet cola odino pangiwalsik na sweetener ed tsa mo, nagawaan mo itan tekep na kompiyansa, ta amtam ya say ebidensya et nausisa lan maong tan malinew so desisyon: say saccharin, no usaren ed loob na nirekomendan limitasyon, et ligtas. Tan aliwan makapasagyat labat itan a salita-siensia itan.